Moving to the UK, France, or Spain: First Steps for Portuguese Speakers

Each European country has its own arrival bureaucracy. This guide summarizes, in simple language, the initial registrations for those moving to the UK, France, or Spain — and where to handle each one. Rules change frequently: always check the official websites indicated before taking any steps.

United Kingdom: Where to Start?

• Immigration Status. Since Brexit, almost all non-British citizens need a visa or status (for example, work visas or the EU Settlement Scheme status for those who already lived there). Your status is digital — you manage everything through your UKVI account on gov.uk.
• National Insurance Number (NIN). The British social security number, necessary for working and contributing. It can be requested online at gov.uk; in many visas, it is already printed on the authorization.
• Bank Account. Traditional banks require proof of address, which can be difficult at first; licensed digital banks in the UK are usually the quickest route in the first weeks.
• General Practitioner (GP). Registering with a local GP is free and gives access to the NHS. Don’t wait until you’re sick — register as soon as you have an address.

France: Where to Start?

• Residence Permit. Depending on nationality and reason (work, study, family), the application is made online on the official portal for foreigners of the French government. Keep all application receipts — they serve as proof while you wait.
• Numéro de sécurité sociale. The key to accessing health care and social rights. It can be requested through the health insurance fund (Assurance Maladie / ameli.fr) with your passport, residence permit, and birth certificate (translated when required).
• CAF. The Caisse d'Allocations Familiales manages supports such as housing benefits. Many people from the diaspora are entitled and don’t know — simulate on the official site caf.fr.
• Bank Account. Requires proof of address; a mobile phone bill or a certificate from your host usually suffices.

Spain: Where to Start?

• NIE. The Número de Identidad de Extranjero is your number for everything — work, banking, contracts. It can be requested at the foreigners' office (extranjería) or consulate, with an appointment (cita previa).
• Empadronamiento. Registration at the local council (ayuntamiento) of your address. It is free and is the basis for public health, children's schooling, and many other steps.
• Social Security and Health Card. With your NIE and empadronamiento, request your social security number and then the health card at your local health center.

What Documents Should I Bring from Home?

In any of the three countries, you will need, sooner or later: a valid passport, a recent birth certificate, educational certificates, and, if applicable, a marriage certificate. Certified translations save months — take care of them before traveling when possible.

Where to Find the Community?

Arriving is easier with the community nearby. E-migrantes brings together Portuguese-speaking African businesses in London, Manchester, Paris, Lyon, Marseille, Madrid, and Barcelona — explore your new city and see where the diaspora is already located.

This guide is informative and does not substitute legal advice. Always check the current requirements on the official channels of each country.